Multi-Objective Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Stackable Grid Applications

The deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS) is rapidly increasing as a prominent option to support future renewable-based systems. However, despite its benefits from technical perspective, there are still challenges related economic viability. On the other hand, sizing BESS considering only their viability can be impractical because financial objectives could in conflict with aspects, such degradation and grid impact. This article proposes multi-objective approach determine optimal size providing stackable services, frequency regulation peak shaving. proposed optimization method comprises aspects represented by payback period, life span, Given set market rules, cost-benefit function, signal, consumption profiles data, an enumerative adopted provide Pareto solutions. performance validated using structure PJM interconnection. Furthermore, real 240-node distribution used assess impact via OpenDSS. Simulations demonstrate that flexible practical decision-making tool investors exploit when designing new BESS.